11. How does the earth show homeostasis? (think oil spill)
oil spills contaminate ocean, so micro-organisms degrade oil spill by eating up the oil (and reduce harm inflicted on shoreline ecosystem)
12. Definition of diffusion
molecules move from an are of higher concentration to lower concentration
13. Example of diffusion
lump of sugar in tea dissolves
14. Definition of osmosis
movement of water through a membrane
15. Example of osmosis
putting a cell in water or a cell in salt water
16. Which way do diffusion and osmosis always flow
they flow from greater concentration to lesser concentration in order to reach the equilibrium.
17. Why do osmosis and diffusion occur?
molecules are always moving.
18. We put food coloring in a beaker of water. What happens?
it spreads out, if you stir it, it goes faster.
19. Name 2 ways to speed diffusion up.
temperature and stir, shake, fan it
20. We put eggs in vinegar. What were we trying to do?
Using vinegar you can make the eggshell disappear to expose the cell membrane
21. What will happen to an egg without its shell if:
a. placed in water- Egg will get bigger
b. placed in salt water- Egg will shrink/ get smaller
c. placed in syrup- Egg will shrink/ get smaller
placed in water- Egg will get bigger b/c water goes in
placed in salt water- Egg will shrink/ get smaller b/c water goes out
placed in syrup- Egg will shrink/ get smaller b/c water goes out
22. If lots of water enters a cell what could happen? (Regular word and science word)
Science word- Turgid = cell would get firm Plasmoptysis = so big it would burst
23. Name solutions for the following tonics:
a. hypertonic
b. isotonic
c. hypotonic
more water inside the cell. ex. soda, salt solution the same. ex. contact solution more water outside the cell. ex. 100% water
24. Most of the time your body cells are tonic
Isotonic
25. Look at the three cells. Label the following terms on the correct cell:
hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic
cell getting bigger, cell shrinking, cell staying the same, cell at equilibrium, water going in and out equally, cell that has osmosis going on
26. define the following and label on cell A or cell B:
a. prokaryote
b. eukaryote
c. nucleus
d. nuclear area
e. bacteria
f. human cell
g. came first
h. more advanced
i. has many organelles
j. has cell wall
k. has cell membrane
m. has cytoplasm and ribosomes
simple- A Complex- B controlls Cell A A B A B B both both both
27. define the following organelles: a.brain; controls cell b.outer layer; protects nucleus, semi perm c. material within the cell, support, gel d. makes proteins e. supplys cells energy; powerhouse f. tail on cell; way of movement g. chooses what comes in and out of cell h. transport, no ribosomes i. transport, has ribosomes j.photosynthesis k. most outer layer, protects cell and gives shape, plants l. storage m. packages protiens n. produces ribosomes o. short hairlike structures on outside of cell; movement p. protein structure, support
a. nucleus
b. nuclear membrane
c. cytoplasm
d. ribosomes
e. mitochondria
f. flagellum
g. cell membrane
h. smooth ER
i. rough ER
j. chloroplast
k. cell wall
l. vacuole
m. golgi
n. nucleolus
o. cilia
p. cytoskeleton
28. Define:
spontaneous generation
abiogenesis
biogenesis
origin of species
natural selection
artificial selection
spontaneous generation: Non Living --> Living
abiogenesis: Non Living --> Living
biogenesis Life forms life
origin of species Darwin's Book
natural selection The env. selects
artificial selection We select
29. Give key points about each scientist:
Redi
Pasteur
Van Leeuwenhoek
Darwin
Redi- Meat, Maggots come from flies Pasteur -Swan Neck Flask Van Leeuwenhoek - The Microscope Darwin - Discovered and proved Evolution.
30. Homo sapiens
What is the first word?
Second word?
First word- genus Second word- species
31. Are these kingdoms or phyla?
Plantae, Monera, Fungi, Animalia?
Arthropoda, Nematoda, Cnidria, Platyhelminthes?
plantae, monera,fungi,animalia are all kingdoms.
arthropoda, nematoda, cnidria, platyhelminthes are all phyla
32. Define and give an example:
vestigial organs
homologous organs
analogous organs
vestigial organs - an organ that was once useful (tail bone)
homologous -organs within humans and other spieces which are similar. (arm)
analogous organs- organs with same function but have not evolved
33. If you are in the same phylum, are you in the same kingdom? Same genus? Same species?
if you are in the same phylum then you are in the same kingdom same species but different genus.
34. Viruses must reproduce inside- Host Cells
35. Define and give an example:
retrovirus- RNA virus that inserts a DNA copy of their genome
lytic virus- Infects right away.
lysogenic virus- Infects, and waits
provirus- Cell becomes a part of the DNA
retrovirus- Gag gene
lytic virus- Flu
lysogenic virus- Aids
provirus- DNA of Virus becomes part of the host DNA
36. Name the 2 parts of every virus Protons, Nucleus, and Acid
37. What do the following do and who do they work on?
Antibiotics- Kills bacteria. Works on humans.
Vaccine- Prevents virus. A small dosage to your body so you can fight it off. You make antibodies.
38. Draw the shapes of bacteria:
coccus
bacillus
spirillum
coccus bacillus spirillum
39. If we overuse antibiotics, the bacteria may become:
bacteria become immune or resistant to the antibiotics
40. Bacteria: Explain the following:
capsule
Petri dish
Streptococcus
capsule- a layer on the outside of the cell wall,protect Petri dish: flat dish used to culture bacteria Streptococcus- a genus of spherical bacteria, causes strept throat
41. Are bacteria eukaryotes or prokaryotes? Why?
Prokaryote because they have no nucleus, and no organelles except ribosomes
42. How do diseases get passed down genetically?
DNA
43. Define:
dominant gene
recessive gene
mutation
dominant- hides recessive, upper case recessive- gets hidden, lower case mutation- change in DNA
44. Sweating allows humans to keep their:
homeostasis
45. Define and give an example of each:
viviparous
ovoviparous
oviparous
viviparous: bringing forth live younge that developed inside the parent body, like humans
ovoviparous: egg inside body, no umbilical cord or nourishment from mom, like sharks
oviparous animals that lay eggs, like fish, birds, most reptiles
46. What is a vaccine and what is it designed to do?
Vaccines are dead or weakened virus and they are designed to make you make antibodies to fight the actual virus
47. Put in order, smallest to biggest:
Virus, bacteria, protozoan.
48. How many chromosomes in a human foot cell? How many in an egg? Sperm?
46 in foot cell, 23 in egg, 23 in sperm
49. Number of chromosomes in Down’s syndrome 47
Down’s syndrome 47
50. How can 2 parents not show the recessive trait, yet one of their children shows the trait?
if both parents have one dominant and one recessive then there is a 25% chance of the kid having the recessive trait
Heterozygous-2 copies of diffrent traits (Yy x Yy)
phenotype- physical features, use words
genotype- genes, use letters
pure-same genes not crossed (HH or hh)
hybrid- 2 types of genes present (Hh)
52. Cross 2 carriers of a disease. What are the % of their children with and without the diseae?
52. Red is dominant to white. Cross homozygous red with homozygous red. Offspring %
53. Chromosomes of a normal male. Normal female.
female- XX Male- XY
54. If the FBI needed your DNA, how could they obtain it?
Through blood, hair,sperm, fingerprint, and almost anything from your body
55. If a disease is sex-linked explain who gets it more often and why?
Males get it more often because females have sets of X chromosomes (XX) and one of the X chromosomes can hide the other. Males (XY) have a higher chance because they don't have that second X to help hide the disease.
56. Why does DNA replicate?
DNA replicates to make two of its self so when they separate the process goes right.
57. Describe karyotype and why it would be used.
karyotype is the number of chromosomes and it is used to identify a disease.
58. Define: mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, zygote, sexual reproduction, asexual reprodution
Mitosis-Cell division that results into two daughter cells with the same chromosome number of the parent cell. Meiosis- Cell division that results into two daughter cells with half of the chromosome number of the parent cell. Fertilization- The process of fertilizing an egg for birth. Zygote-a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gamete. Sexual Reproduction- The production of a living organism involving a male and a female organism. Sperm and Egg Asexual Reproduction- The production of a living organism with only one parent.
59. Define dominant gene, recessive gene, give letters.
Dominant Gene-Hides the recessive gene (Hh, HH). Recessive Gene-Get's hidden by the dominant gene, needs two of the same to come into affect (hh).
60. What is a double helix?
spiral staircase of dna
61. Define biodiversity.
variety of life
62. Why is biodiversity so important?
boosts ecosystem productivity
63. Why are there so many species of trees, birds or insects?
they all live differentially
64. If we build home, malls, parking lots, what happens to biodiversity?
It will decrease the variety of species because we are destroying the habitats
65. Name the kingdom (monera, protista, plantae, fungi, animalia)
a. heterotrophs, multicellular-fungi and animal
b. autotroph, multicellular- plantae
c. mushrooms - fungi
d. unicellular, eukaryote, amoeba - protista
e. bacteria - monera
f. prokaryotes - monera
66. There are 7 taxons. Name them starting with the largest first.
KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIE
67. Name 10 invertebrates. Make sure they are in different phyla.
a. filter feeds-Sea Sponge
b. enters through bare feet- Hook worm
c. mollusk, tentacles, suckers- Octopus
d. rectal itching- Pin Worm
e. tentacles, nematocysts, stinging cells- Jellyfish
f. non-parasitic segmented worm- Earthworm
g. attacks liver, “big belly”- Fluke worm
h. cross eyed worm- Planarian
69. How do you use a dichotomous key?
You answer a question and then you go to another question until you find out the name the animal. Think ( nor nose lab) with the aliens.
70. Define the following terms:
Hermaphroditic- has both male and female sex ograns
IPMAT- the stages of mitosis
Dioecious- seperate sexes for male and females
Cephalization- Brain at head end
Exoskeleton- external skeleton that supports and protects an animals body (arthropods)
Water vascular system- echinoderms used to get food, walk, tube feet, H20 suction (starfish)
Sessile- stationary
Parasite- an orginism that grows, feeds, and shelters itself in another organism
Free living- independently living
Segmented- seperated into parts. (leech)
Symmetry- shape spherical, radial, and bilateral.
Molting- shedding skin or shell (arthropods)
Heterozygous- one is dominate and the other ressesive (Bb)
All answers must be in your handwriting. All answers should be in the appropriate box in the column next to the question. Answers must be in BOLD.
split in two and makes daughter cell
daughter cells have the same DNA that is passed on
yes, to divide
support for cell
(temp, light, number of students, noise)
Plantsàinsectsàbirds
virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan
bacteria- strept throat
fungi- athletes foot
protozoan- malaria
a. placed in water- Egg will get bigger
b. placed in salt water- Egg will shrink/ get smaller
c. placed in syrup- Egg will shrink/ get smaller
placed in salt water- Egg will shrink/ get smaller b/c water goes out
placed in syrup- Egg will shrink/ get smaller b/c water goes out
Plasmoptysis = so big it would burst
a. hypertonic
b. isotonic
c. hypotonic
the same. ex. contact solution
more water outside the cell. ex. 100% water
hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic
cell getting bigger, cell shrinking, cell staying the same, cell at equilibrium, water going in and out equally, cell that has osmosis going on
a. prokaryote
b. eukaryote
c. nucleus
d. nuclear area
e. bacteria
f. human cell
g. came first
h. more advanced
i. has many organelles
j. has cell wall
k. has cell membrane
m. has cytoplasm and ribosomes
Complex- B
controlls Cell
A
A
B
A
B
B
both
both
both
a.brain; controls cell
b.outer layer; protects nucleus, semi perm
c. material within the cell, support, gel
d. makes proteins
e. supplys cells energy; powerhouse
f. tail on cell; way of movement
g. chooses what comes in and out of cell
h. transport, no ribosomes
i. transport, has ribosomes
j.photosynthesis
k. most outer layer, protects cell and gives shape, plants
l. storage
m. packages protiens
n. produces ribosomes
o. short hairlike structures on outside of cell; movement
p. protein structure, support
b. nuclear membrane
c. cytoplasm
d. ribosomes
e. mitochondria
f. flagellum
g. cell membrane
h. smooth ER
i. rough ER
j. chloroplast
k. cell wall
l. vacuole
m. golgi
n. nucleolus
o. cilia
p. cytoskeleton
spontaneous generation
abiogenesis
biogenesis
origin of species
natural selection
artificial selection
abiogenesis: Non Living --> Living
biogenesis Life forms life
origin of species Darwin's Book
natural selection The env. selects
artificial selection We select
Redi
Pasteur
Van Leeuwenhoek
Darwin
Pasteur -Swan Neck Flask
Van Leeuwenhoek - The Microscope
Darwin - Discovered and proved Evolution.
What is the first word?
Second word?
Second word- species
Plantae, Monera, Fungi, Animalia?
Arthropoda, Nematoda, Cnidria, Platyhelminthes?
arthropoda, nematoda, cnidria, platyhelminthes are all phyla
vestigial organs
homologous organs
analogous organs
homologous -organs within humans and other spieces which are similar. (arm)
analogous organs- organs with same function but have not evolved
retrovirus- RNA virus that inserts a DNA copy of their genome
lytic virus- Infects right away.
lysogenic virus- Infects, and waits
provirus- Cell becomes a part of the DNA
lytic virus- Flu
lysogenic virus- Aids
provirus- DNA of Virus becomes part of the host DNA
Antibiotics- Kills bacteria. Works on humans.
Vaccine- Prevents virus. A small dosage to your body so you can fight it off. You make antibodies.
coccus
bacillus
spirillum
bacillus
spirillum
capsule
Petri dish
Streptococcus
Petri dish: flat dish used to culture bacteria
Streptococcus- a genus of spherical bacteria, causes strept throat
dominant gene
recessive gene
mutation
recessive- gets hidden, lower case
mutation- change in DNA
viviparous
ovoviparous
oviparous
ovoviparous: egg inside body, no umbilical cord or nourishment from mom, like sharks
oviparous animals that lay eggs, like fish, birds, most reptiles
Heterozygous-2 copies of diffrent traits (Yy x Yy)
phenotype- physical features, use words
genotype- genes, use letters
pure-same genes not crossed (HH or hh)
hybrid- 2 types of genes present (Hh)
Meiosis- Cell division that results into two daughter cells with half of the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Fertilization- The process of fertilizing an egg for birth.
Zygote- a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gamete.
Sexual Reproduction- The production of a living organism involving a male and a female organism. Sperm and Egg
Asexual Reproduction- The production of a living organism with only one parent.
Recessive Gene- Get's hidden by the dominant gene, needs two of the same to come into affect (hh).
b. autotroph, multicellular- plantae
c. mushrooms - fungi
d. unicellular, eukaryote, amoeba - protista
e. bacteria - monera
f. prokaryotes - monera
b. enters through bare feet- Hook worm
c. mollusk, tentacles, suckers- Octopus
d. rectal itching- Pin Worm
e. tentacles, nematocysts, stinging cells- Jellyfish
f. non-parasitic segmented worm- Earthworm
g. attacks liver, “big belly”- Fluke worm
h. cross eyed worm- Planarian